![]() The southern region of Brazil, the main wheat production area, has had several problems as a result of aphids, but aphid populations and the resulting impact on wheat production have not been investigated in these new crop production areas. Aphids are usually one of the main pests of wheat in many regions of the world however, little is known about the aphid population in this new environment. The area cultivated with wheat has been increasing in the savannahs of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sitobion avenae is the most abundant wheat aphid species in Brazilian savannah in Minas Gerais. The hectoliter weight varied between regions and cultivars of wheat. Silicon application did not reduce aphid populations in wheat plants in the field. Insect population is affected by weather conditions. ![]() The results showed that the films offer good corrosion resistance on the metal substrate, decreasing current densities up to one order of magnitude.Insect population dynamics vary between regions, depending on environmental conditions. The coating were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX), X ray fluorescence (XRF) and adhesion measurements. The soles prepared were studied trough rheological, pH as a time function, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) test in an electrolytic solution of 3.5% Wt NaCl + 0.5 M H 2SO 4. The soles were prepared from a mixture of organic precursors, such as 98% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), titanium tetrabutoxide (TBT) 97%, Zirconium (IV) butoxide (TBZ) 80% in 1-butanol solution and bismuth penta nitrate-hydrate Bi (NO 3) 3*5H 2O. This report show the synthesis and corrosion resistance of SiO 2-TiO 2-ZrO 2-BiO 2 coatings deposited by spin-coating on AISI 316L stainless steel. Los resultados mostraron que las películas ofrecen una buena resistencia a la corrosión sobre el sustrato metálico disminuyendo los valores de densidades de corriente hasta en un orden de magnitud. Los recubrimientos se caracterizaron mediante difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB), espectroscopia de energías dispersivas (EDX), fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) y medidas de adherencia. A los soles preparados se les caracterizó mediante estudio reológico, de pH en función del tiempo, mediciones de espectroscopia de infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC). La resistencia a la corrosión se determinó mediante ensayos de curvas de polarización potenciodinámica y de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS) en una solución electrolítica de 3,5% Wt de NaCl + 0,5 M de H 2SO 4. Los soles se prepararon a partir de una mezcla de precursores orgánicos, como el tetraetoxisilano (TEOS) al 98%, tetrabutóxido de titanio (TBT) al 97%, zirconio (IV) butóxido (TBZ) al 80% en solución 1-butanol y nitrato de bismuto penta-hidratado Bi(NO 3) 3*5H 2O. En este trabajo se presenta la síntesis y la evaluación de la resistencia a la corrosión de recubrimientos de SiO 2-TiO 2-ZrO 2-BiO 2 depositados por la técnica de centrifugado sobre acero inoxidable AISI 316L.
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